https://github.com/Swinject/Swinject/blob/master/Documentation/ObjectScopes.md

Graph (the default scope)

With ObjectScope.graph, an instance is
always created, as in ObjectScope.transient, if you directly call
resolve method of a container, but instances resolved in factory
closures are shared during the resolution of the root instance to
construct the object graph.

とあります。

特定の言語によらず、DIではGraph(グラフ)という考え方は一般的なのでしょうか?
一般的であるのであれば、その文脈に置ける root instance とは何を指すのでしょうか?